Rigging is where a model ship starts to look like a ship, and the thread you choose affects how neat the result looks. Kits often include thread, but it is not always the right size or finish, and many builders replace it.
Standing vs running rigging
On a real ship, standing rigging (shrouds, stays) supports the masts and stays fixed. Running rigging (braces, halyards, sheets) moves to handle yards and sails. Standing rigging is typically thicker and darker, often tarred, while running rigging is lighter. On a model it is usual to use two or more thread sizes and slightly different colors for the two types.
Thread materials compared
- Cotton and linen. Traditional, with a matte look. Natural cotton can become fuzzy and may react to humidity. Waxing linen or cotton thread helps flatten fuzz.
- Polyester and polyester-cotton blends. Strong and stable, with a smooth finish. Many builders find it holds its shape and does not sag as readily.
- Elastic or memory-style line, such as EZ-Line or Uschi. Often used at small scales, where ordinary thread looks too heavy, because it can be kept taut.
- Fine wire. More common on plastic subjects such as U-boat antennas, where a thread would not look right.
No single material is best. Choose by scale, the look you want and how you work.
Matching thickness to scale
Scale rigging looks right when the line diameter, converted up to full size, is believable. Thinner thread is generally needed at smaller scales. Kit instructions usually give diameters for each line; follow those where you can, and when substituting, choose the closest size and test on a spare mast. Measure thread with calipers rather than relying on packet descriptions, as sizing systems differ between brands.
Color and finish
Natural, tan and dark brown or black are the common choices. Avoid pure white and pure black, which tend to look artificial. Some builders tint thread with diluted paint or stain, but test first, because some dyes bleed or weaken thread.
Working tips
- Wax thread lightly and pull it between fingers to reduce fuzz.
- Keep a little tension, but not enough to bend spars or warp masts.
- Secure knots with a tiny drop of diluted white glue or clear adhesive, then trim.
- Work from the center outward on symmetrical parts so that both sides stay balanced.
- Rig upper-mast items after the lower mast is set, so you can reach everything.
Tools
Fine tweezers, small scissors or a sharp blade, a needle for parting threads, a pin vise for drilling eyelets, and a bit of beeswax cover most needs. A rigging jig or clamps to hold parts also help.
FAQ
What is the rigging of a ship called? The ropes, chains and lines that support masts and control sails are called rigging, divided into standing and running rigging.
How do I make sails for a model ship? Many builders use thin cotton or similar fabric, stiffened lightly and shaped over a form. Kits often include pre-cut sails.
What tools do I need? See the tool list above, plus a good light and magnification.
Which kits are good for beginners? Smaller, simpler hulls with limited rigging are usually easier. See our notes on building a model ship of the line for why large warships are often saved for later.